Carbureter.



C. W. E. VELLGUTH.

CARBURETER.

, APPLICATION FILED OCT. 3. 191|. i 1,171,679. Patented 1Feb. 15,1916.

a SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESS/ES YH ,1 A [NVE/1170K C. W. E. VELLGUTH.

CARBURETEH.

APPLICATION FILED ocr. s, Isn.

1,171,679. Peeeeted Feb.15,1916.

' 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES @eww/@KM Ze JNI/ENTOR z a z l Allarney C. W. E. VELLGUTH.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 3| 19H.

Patented Feb. 15, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 VEA/'TOR CLARENCE WILLIAM ERNST 4VELLGrTJIIEI, `OE SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

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specmcaaon of Letters ratn't.

` Patented Feb. 15, 1916.

' Application filed October 3, 1911. Serial No. 652,566.

To all whom 'it may concern Be it known that I, CLARENCE W. E. VELLGUTH, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Carbureters, of which the following 1s a specification.

This invention relates to carbureters, particularly those adapted to use on motor vehicles.

It has for an object to improve themixture of air and hydrocarbon liquid fuel.

The most approved carbureter construction now involves the use of a jet inthe path of the air passing to the engine, with means to produce a partial vacuum differing from the atmospheric pressure proportionately to the speed of the engine, whereby the fuel will be ejected from the jet in a quantity proportionate to the quantity of air passing. It is. appreciated that this method results in directing the fuel through the passing air in a limited area and more or less unevenly-that is-all air passing the jet may not receive the same proportion of fuel. Also, the jet simply forms the fuel into a myriad of globules, most of which, owing to their small size are almost immediately evaporated and absorbed by the air. The globules, however are of irregular size, many are not thoroughly absorbed within a proper time, and by their weight tend toward certain bends or sides of the intake pipes through which the mixture is conducted to the engine. If it be a one'cylinder engine the mixture will lack uniformity; if the engine have two or more cylinders, there will often'be a difference in the quality of the mixture reaching the severalcylinders. Ithas been noted that in some cases gaso lene accumulated in the inlet pipe. Lack of uniformity of the mixture, or stratification, results in an irregular operation of the engine to which it is supplied, with loss of power and waste of fuel.

It is an object of this invention to provide a jet device the action of which will be modified to overcome some objections`r above noted, and to combine therewith means to obviate stratification of the mixture.

A further object of the invention is to A present an improved oat governor, operative with equal efficiency at any inclination of the carbureter in any direction.

Another object is to construct a throttle of improved form.

An important object of the invention is to enable the construction of a carbureter to occupy a very small space with a very large capacity for supplying gas.

It is also the purposejto allow the device to be easily taken apart and assembled. In this connection it is an important object to enable the. removal of the fuel reservoir while the remaining parts remain in oper-A ative position, so that it may be readily determined whether the float and connected parts are freely and properly operative. Also, to make possible the removal 'of either the fuel control elements or the air regulat ing devices without disconnection of the outlet and throttle from the feed duct to the engine.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description, and from the drawings, in which- Figure l is a vertical lsectional view of the carbureter in inoperative position, Fig.

2 isa vertical section of the body castings at right angles to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken adjacent the upper side of the fuel chamber, looking downward, Fig. 4 is a similar view in the intake chamber, Fig. 5 is a similar view in the mixing chamber, a portion of the upper diffusion screen being broken away, Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view centrally of the throttle outlet, indicated by the line (5*6 in Fig. 1.

There is illustrated a mixing chamber 10 somewhat in the form of a cupola, and surmounting the entire device, having the upwardly directed outlet opening or port 11 with suitable means for effecting the usual connection with the intake ducts of automobile engines and the like. However, by arranging the outlet upwardly, the necessity for one turn in the passage to the engine cylinder is obvia-ted, for it is necessary to locate the carbureter below the Cylinder of the engine to be out of the way of operations necessary in the tending of the engine. The cupola is circular in horizontal section, and has in threaded engagement therewiththe circular floor plate 12,

the plate 12 and having an outstanding flange 16 secured to a similar iange 16 on the cupola byrsuitable screws as shown.

The intake casting 14 is provided with .a circular seat boss 17 upon which is set the upper edge portion of a fuel bowl 18, the joint thus formed being properly ground to be liquid tight. Theintake casting is provided with a fioor portion 19 forming a cover for the fuel bowl, and centrally of this floor a downwardly projecting stem 20 is formed, projected slidably through a suitable opening in the bottom of the bowl, being slightly tenoned and having threads outwardly of the bowl upon which is engaged a suitable nut 21, holding the bowl securely to the casting 14 and making a tight it at the bottom of the bowl to prevent escape of fuel. The stem 20 is provided with an enlarged recess 22, extending a considerable distance within the bowl, and from its lower portion a reduced passage 23 opens through the lower end of the stem having threaded therein the needle valve 24 whereby it is closed, the valve being retained in adjusted position by a suitable nut 24. Opening into the bowl adjacent its bottom and communicating with the passage 23 intermediately of the reduced part of the needle valve there are small ducts 25. The stem 20 at its junction with the floor 19 is provided with an exteriorly threaded enlargement or boss 26, having a horizontal peripheral groove 27 therearound from which three small passages 28 extend through the lower side of the boss adjacent the periphery of the stern 2 0. The groove 27 is closed by means of a collar 29 threaded on the boss and removable for cleaning of the groove. Leading in to the groove 27 from a point above the seat 17, there is a fuel duct 30, at the outer end of which there is a suitable threaded boss 31 for making connection to a fuel supply. Engaged on the stem beneath the boss 26, there is a collar 32 having apertured ears 33 disposed beneath each of the passages 28, and vertically slidable in these passages are small valves 34 arranged to be moved upwardly to close the' passages. Loosely slidable on the stem beneath the collar 32 there is a vertically movable collar'35, upon which are mounted the gimbals 36 and 37 of usual form, the inner being pivoted diametrically on the ring collar 35, while the outer one 37 is pivoted on the inner gimbal 0n an axis perpendicular to the axis of movement of the inner gimbalw The outer gimbal is in the form of a right angle in cross section, having an outwardly projecting liange 38 upon which is set an annular cork iioat 39, adapted, by this mounting, to maintain a constantly level position upon the surface of the liquid admitted to the bowl. The collar 35 is provided with sevpoint.

the valves 24 project downwardly below thel eral vertical slots 35'- in which there are slidable small pins 20 to check downward movement of the colla'r beyond a proper It will be noted that the stems of ears 33 so as to be engaged by the collar 35 when moved upwardly by the float. As the valves 34 are triangularly spaced, it will be appreciated that they will each be firmly pressed upward to seat in the openings of the passages 28 whereby the entrance of fuel will be checked. Opening into the upper part of the enlarged-'recess 22 there are vent passages 40 for the free escape of air under access of fuel to the bowl.

Slidable in the recess 22 there is a h'ollow auxiliary air valve stem 41, having the enlarged lower portion 42 engaged snugly within and against the s1des of the recess,

the reciprocal movement of which is limitedk is an encircling recess 44 extending longi-` tudinally of the stem a sufficient distance to maintain the passages 4() in communication with the air chamber 12 after the stem has been raised a short distance. A short helicalspring 45 is secured to the collar 43 to the upper end of which there is secured a valve element A held thereby snugly seated in n enlarged circular air port 46, for movement upwardly therefrom against the action of the spring. The valve element comprises a lower collar 47 threaded on the stem 41 and having the spring secured thereto, and-an upper head `portion 48 also threaded on the stem 41 the two having a suitable cushion material 49 coengaged therebetween and shaped to bear directly upon the valve seat surface formed around the air port. The stem 41 is slotted 4as, at 41 below the valve A for access of air thereinto as will be explained. l

A sleeve 50 is secured in the lower part of the valve stem stopping short adjacent the lower part of the slots 41', and snugly fitted in this sleeve there is a fuel duct pipe 51, projecting below the stem and engaging snugly and slidably in the upper part of the reduced passage 23 in the stationary stem 20. Its upper end projects above the member 48 of the valve A and `has threaded thereon the nozzle disk `52, spaced above which is the nozzle head 53 secured to the disk 52 in a suitable manner. The member 48 of the valve A has an upstanding neck 54 The passages 40 open ythe diameter of the latter and of the head being approximately' the same. The op` posed surfaces of the diskh and head are also spherical and converge toward 'the surface of the lip.

Itl will be noted that the plate 12 has sleeve portion 56 yinwhich there are a series of vertical slots 57, and slidable in these slots there are the extremities` of quadri-I lateral arms of a spider 58 secured upon the upwardly projected'stem 59 forming a porv tion of the head 53. This stemA is ltenoned',

and threaded and the spider is secured thereon by a nut and lock nut as at'60. The

spider includes an annular-portion 61. abut*-A snugly against the sleeve portion 56,

tin am? secured theretor and completely-1 covering the spider there is ascreen 62, preferably of copper wire of about 30 meshes to the'` inch, which may be overlaid by a heavier wlre screen of coarser mesh, as 'shown,-to

support the lighter one. The annular por-'k lfion-of the spider 58 is apertured at suitable points and set in `the a ertures are the e'X- tremities Lof the arms o a spider 64 carried on the stem 41 and connedbetween the,v liplr'E collar 55 and the upper member48v of the valve A. These arms are bowed down-2V wardly, and carry therebeneatha screen "65, similar to the one 62. `The screen 62 is bowed upwardly. It -will be seenthat the construction of the head 53 and lip55 form" an annular nozzle'B, directed toward vthe lower screen, and adapted to project fuel laterally on all sides in the path ofairenter.- ing through the port 46.

A throttle device is located at the, upper ing to that 67 on thebase web, but lying revolubly within the passage 11, andadapted to lie .in registry with the web 66 at times. One edge 71 is arranged to strike an ,in-

wardly projecting lug 72 formed on the base web frame centrally of one of the sector openings, to check movement of the gate when it 'has n'ioved far enough from over the web to. cover half of each opening. The upper gate 73 is similar to the 'lower' in plan with the exception that an extension 74 projects from one edge -and a concentric slot 75 is formed in the adjacent gate jnortion, eX- tending into the extension, and receiving slidably therein a pin 76 carried by the gate 70,-"whereby:` upon movement of the upper gate beyond `a certain distance, the lower .onewill'be moved thereby, for complete closure of the outlet, as wil'l be .readily understoodl The upper` gate is" provided with an upwardly presented rack portion 7 7 ,extending Aover a little more than one half its circumference,"`although it may be continued completely therearound if desired. For operating thegate this rack portion is engaged by the gear 78 carried by the-shaft 79 revlu'ble,inthewall of the outlet 11 and projecting' outwardly thereof, where it carries a second gear180;- This latter gear is engaged by a rack sector 81 carried by a throttle-'lever 82,l pivoted .upon the side of the vcupolabelow theshaft 79. This lever may ,be .operated bythe usual connections' from the steering post {levers of automobiles, and

fit should be noted that the device should be setinitially with the gear 80 at one end of the sectorI 81. Certain Vtypes of automobile throttle control are arranged to operate to open the-throttle by a movement of the lever in a certain direction, while other controls are intended tomove the lever in anop'positedirection. lt will be seen that thef present lever may be readily set for use .with'either form of control. One arrangement is illustrated, and if the opposite operp yation is desired, the gear 78 is moved to the l opposite end 4of the shaft 79 and the sector 81 set initially-with. its opposite end adjacent the gear 80. f Thusthe same movement of the-gates will result# from an opposite movement of the lever82.

'lt will4 be seen that by rotation of the plate 12, when the gasolene feed is discon` nected, the Ventireoperative portion of the ca rbureterexcepting the throttle .may be removed,and theseveral-parts thereof disassembled Afor inspection and repair. Should it be desired only to inspect the mechanism 'fin the float chamber within the fuel bowl,

it is only necessary to cut od the gasolene supply Without disconnecting the feed pipes, and remove .the nut 21, when the bowl itself may be' quicklyj detached, leavingthe float and mechanism connected therewith exposed In use, the device being properly connected to the intake of an engine, it will be seeny that asuction stroke will produce a rapid "inrush of 1 air through lthe slots 41 andrthrough the nozzle. At the same time a quantity of fuel will be drawn through ythe duct 51, and directed downwardly upon theflmof air'passingy over the lip 55. The

space below the disk 52 for the passage of air-'is preferably. larger than the space thereabove lforthe passage of gasolene, but may be arranged 'at'such width as found most desirable. The movement of the air past the fuel passage will facilitate the raising of the fuel, and it will bevappreciatedthat the air will move much more rapidly than the fuel in its` outward passage. The outgoing body of fuel will thus be rapidly disintegrated or torn apart by the body of air, the action being somewhat in the nature of the wearing away of the fuel body by the air. Thus, instead of the fuel being diffused only by the peculiar form of the nozzle and the formation of a vacuum outwardly thereof, which permits the formation of irregular sized globules, some of which are too large, the fuel is shredded and compressed by the air film, which moves so much more rapidly that the fuel particles are torn apart before they have opportunity to form into too large units. Also, by the compression of the fuel by the air (which occurs against the lower face of the head 53), the absorption of the fuel by the air is accelerated and its diffusion facilitated.

'hen the suction is sufficient to overcome the resistance of the spring 45, it will cause the lifting of the valve A, admitting a large body of air to the mixing chamber.

Should it happen that heavy particles of fuel are discharged from the nozzle, they will strike the screen G5, upon which they will become diffused and from which they will be lifted by the air admitted through the port 4G by the valve A. At high Speeds the air rushes through the screen G5 at a considerable speed, and should any particles of fuel of too large a size be carried upward before engaging the screen, or be lifted therefrom, they will be dispersed by engagement with the second screen 62 above the nozzle.

After leaving the second screen, the fuel may be supposed to have been entirely absorbed. and as afurther means to overcome stratification, the throttle gates are so arranged as to cause such-'eddies in the gas as will make it sufficiently homogeneous.

By making the gates in the form of sphere segments, they are adapted to resist the pressure of the outgoinggas thereagainst efficiently even though iliade of thin sheet material, and also the openings having a given peripheral extent will admit a larger quantity of gas than if they were made in planevform.

What is claimed:

1. In a device of the class described, a mixing chamber, a nozzle, fuel connections therefor, air connections for the nozzle, a circumscribing cage around the nozzle dividing the mixing chamber an air inlet in the chamber at one side of thel cage. and an outlet opposite the inlet, said nozzle being adapted to direct air and fuel toward the `side of the cage adjacent the air inlet.'

2. A device of the class described comprising a cupola part having an outlet open ing and throttle means, ried by the cupola and having an enlarged air port therein, a valve yieldingly seated in the port, an air chamber member therebeneath having a. downwardly extending tubular stem, and a` bowl centrally apertured and engaged around the stem with its peripheral edge against the air chamber member, fuel supply and governing means for the bowl, the interior of said stem. having communication with the interior of the bowl` a tubular member slidable in the stem and having a reduced portion a spaced distance within the stem, a collar threaded in the upper portion of the stem and engaged in` said reduced portion to limit movement of the tubular member, said tubular memn ber being engaged through said valve, having lateral communication with the air cham-` ber and beingclosed at its lower end, a duct member extending through the lower end of the tubular member and above its upper end, a stationary valve element in the bowl alined with the duct member, a nozzle device carried at the upper end of the ltiibular, member for mixture and ejection of air an fuel passing through the tubular member.

3. In a device of mixing chamber, an air space therebeneath, a tubular member projecting ihto the chamber from the air space, andiforming com munication therebetween, a fuel duct in the tubular member, fuel connections therefor, a peripheral lip carried by the tubular mem ber at -its end within a collar on the duct having a surface adjacent the -lip converging theretoward f and stopping short of its outer edge, a head member thereover and in spaced relation with the collar and forming an annular passage converging toward the lip, a screen member circumscribing and extending laterally from the tubular member beneath the lip and abutting the walls of the mixing chamber at the periphery of the screen, the opposed surfaces of said lipand. head being inclined toward the intermediate portion o said screen, an auxiliary air inlet beneath and within the boundary of the screen, and outlet means oppositely thereof in the mixing chamber.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing'witnesses.

CLARENCE W'ILLIAM ERNST VELLGUTH.

Witnesses:

F. lVM. VELLGU'rr. Tunononn PLANZ.

a floor member carthe class described, aA

the mixing chamber,' 

